Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Forest Society   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

A past study found forest-related subjective well-being (forest SWB) of forest owners were lower than non-owners. It is important to improve owners' forest SWB because improvement could constitute a policy goal and enhance the motivation for management of owned forests. We investigated to identify the possible factors, especially the ones that are related to forest policies, to improve owners' forest SWB through simple moderation effect analyses with the whole sample and multiple regression analyses with forest owners alone from a questionnaire survey with 1,457 responses. We identified possible factors for improving owners' forest SWB such as wood-working activity, relaxing experiences in forests. Forest owners' specific conditions such as engagement as an officer of the property ward, a higher plantation forest ratio, and a higher degree of recognizing the border of owned forests also related to the higher SWB. Revenue or harvest in the past one year might improve owners' forest SWB while past revenue or harvest before one-year decreases owners' SWB.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.104.39

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5751/es-13509-270420

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Timber harvesting processes, especially motor-manual felling, are hazardous to forestry workers’ health and safety. The purpose of this study is to examine forestry workers’ mental safety models (at the supervisor and operator levels) using the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire. This study also examines how operators and their families perceive workplace risks (dread and unknown risk factors). The safety climate analysis revealed that supervisors misunderstand management safety priority, competence, empowerment, and justice. Additionally, this study found that operators do not yet prioritize safety. There was a lack of safety communication and operators’ skepticism about the current safety system. These findings highlight the critical importance of implementing safety measures into operators’ work environments. The risk perception analysis revealed that family members had a greater risk aversion to dread risk factors than operators. As a result, we see a possibility for family members to act as safety-net figures, bolstering the operators’ safety values.

DOI： 10.1080/10803548.2021.1986306

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Forest Society   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

We measured subjective well-being related to forests and examined the results as well as the factors influencing these. We conducted a questionnaire survey in 2018 targeting households in the upper Yasu River watershed, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Using factor analysis, we divided subjective well-being related to forests into four categories: satisfaction, fulfillment, positive affect, and negative affect. We conducted regression analyses using these categories as explained variables and forest-related activities and other variables as explanatory variables. Working in agriculture or forestry has a positive correlation with satisfaction and fulfillment. Forest management activities conducted for respondents' household forests or those done as a volunteer activity have a positive influence on satisfaction and fulfillment, whereas such activities conducted for their community forests have a negative correlation with positive affect. The proportions of forest in residential areas are not related to subjective well-being. Forest ownership lowers all four categories of subjective well-being. This may indicate that the low asset value of forests increases the psychological burden of forest management activities. Currently, forest restoration in Japan has been conducted in terms of quantity; the qualitative improvement of forests now requires deeper involvement from people. Given these conditions, forest-related subjective well-being should be studied in a structured manner, such as by measuring various types of subjective well-being separately, to consider how people should engage with forests and simultaneously improve their subjective well-being.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.103.122

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Forests are a potential solution to numerous global environmental issues, and their restoration is widely pursued. Forty percent of Japan’s forests are planted forests. This has caused the common occurrence of forest ecosystem disservices in the country, like—wildlife damage, pollinosis, and driftwood damage. Forest policy processes in Japan are characterized by incrementalism, central mobilization, and hegemony of career civil servants. Responses to forest ecosystem disservices have changed the central mobilization policy pattern. Punctuated equilibrium theory can be applied to several policy processes in Japan, but it provides only limited explanation for policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices. The responses are influenced by national governance and public administration traditions and cultures. It is relevant to expand research on policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices, recognizing that ideal responses may require unusual approaches not within traditional policy making or outside of established policy cultures.

DOI： 10.1007/s13280-021-01566-2

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Between 2003 and April 2016, 37 of 47 prefectures (i.e., sub-national local governmental units) introduced forest environmental taxes—local payment for environmental services (PES) schemes. These introductions are unique historical natural experiments, in which local governments made their own political decisions considering multiple factors. This study empirically evaluates models that explain normalized expenditures from forest environmental taxes as well as other PES schemes (subsidies for enhancing forests’ and mountain villages’ multifunction, and green donation) and traditional forestry budgets for Japan’s 47 prefectures based on the median voter model. Results demonstrate that the median voter model can particularly explain forest environmental taxes and forestry budgets. Specifically, the past incidence of droughts and landslides is positively correlated with the levels of forest environmental taxes. The higher the number of municipalities in a prefecture, the lower the amount of forest environmental tax spent on forests. Moreover, the number of forest volunteering groups, possibly an indicator of social capital in the forest sectors, had strong positive correlations with the levels of forest environmental taxes and forestry budgets. Other PES schemes and forestry budgets had unique patterns of correlations with the examined factors.

DOI： 10.3390/f12060685

Other Link： https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/6/685

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

The enhancement of human well-being is one of the ultimate goals of resource management;
however, it is not explicitly considered by forest policy indicators. Our previous studies examined
how Japanese citizens in the Yasu River watershed of the Shiga Prefecture perceived subjective
well-being related to forests (forest SWB).We found a negative correlation between forest SWB and
forest ownership, suggesting dissatisfaction with the low profitability of forest ownership. Based on
this result, in this paper, we argue that forest SWB can be an important indicator for policymaking
in the context of urbanization and forest restoration and can complement existing forest indicators
focusing mainly on physical and objective properties. First, we propose that a direct measurement of
well-being (e.g., forest SWB) is preferable over an indirect measurement (e.g., GDP), for policymaking
processes related to forests. Second, forest SWB can reflect the quality of our interactions with forests,
which is important in urbanized societies which tend to have reduced experiences with nature. Third,
forest SWB could identify inequalities between the users of forest ecosystem services and forest
managers. Overall, forest SWB can be a holistic indicator to capture a variety of perspectives held by
citizens.

DOI： 10.3390/su13063211

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.132.0_18

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor & Francis   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Over the past few decades, many Japanese forest owners and communities have suffered from the outcomes of anticommons (parcelization) phenomenon. Since the Edo Era (17th through 19th centuries), many Japanese commons forests have been subdivided and placed under private ownership. Individual owners of the subdivided small forests (carved out from former commons forests) have lost interest in forestry, resulting in unclear borders. Many owners have relocated outside the villages (absent owners) and/or have passed the land down through generations, resulting in unknown ownership. There are several ways to ameliorate the anticommons phenomenon in Japan, as illustrated by these examples, which we examined employing case study and comparative study approaches. 1) Despite the expense, a residents’ association successfully re-appropriated co-ownership land by “technically” suing the current respective co-owners. 2) Some residents’ associations collectively manage subdivided forests as one unit to reduce the damage caused by animals such as wild boars or deer. However, the units are still legally separate and owned by individuals. 3) A land owners’ association stipulated that a vacating resident owner must sell her forest to the remaining residents. These three cases show how motivations, other than profits, could help address the anticommons phenomenon. These motivations include the intent to keep the community’s holding intact in the event of consolidation at the municipality level, to protect the land against pest animals, and to keep the community’s drinking water pure.

DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2020.1834715

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.32192/forestcommons.40.0_36

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ubiquity Press   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

After World War II, Japan's policy makers believed that common forests were underutilized because of their legal status and organization method under customary iriai-type ownership and that modern ownership in the form of group ownership, such as forest producers' cooperatives, or as individual, separate ownership, would improve the situation. Thus, the Common Forests Modernization Act of 1966 was enacted, following successive modernization policies since the Meiji Restoration in 1868. We evaluated the impacts of the past modernization policies on the management of common forests by statistically comparing the performance of modernized and non-modernized 19,690 common forests based on the World Census of Agriculture and Forestry 2000. The performance measures for comparison included planting, weeding, thinning, and harvesting activities. We found less modernized, customary holdings are more active in tending activities such as weeding and thinning, while modernized holdings may have an advantage in harvesting and timber sales.

DOI： 10.5334/ijc.936

Other Link： https://www.thecommonsjournal.org/articles/10.5334/ijc.936/

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Central Japan Common Forest Research Society   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Central Japan Forest Commons Research Society  

DOI： 10.32192/forestcommons.39.0_60

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：環境情報科学センター  

Other Link： https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40021861255/en/

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publisher：環境経済・政策学会編『環境経済・政策学事典』：282-283  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Central Japan Forest Commons Research Society  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Central Japan Forest Commons Research Society   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.forpol.2016.10.012

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

[in Japanese]

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.127.0_9

Language：Japanese   Publisher：FOREST ECONOMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE  

DOI： 10.19013/rinrin.68.3_22

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

This paper investigates the relationships between the scores of 109 Japanese corporations found in the NIKKEI environmental management ranking survey and the corporate culture of each firm. Corporate culture is measured with the instrument developed by Cameron and Quinn (2006). The instrument measures corporate culture in terms of four categories: clan culture, adhocracy culture, hierarchy culture, and market culture. The results indicate that adhocracy culture has statistically significant positive relationships with the management system, product development, and climate change mitigation aspects of environmental management or sustainability management. Excessive hierarchy culture has a negative relationship with the overall score of environmental management. An appropriate combination of hierarchy culture and adhocracy culture enhances the overall score.

DOI： 10.1002/csr.1346

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：中日本入会林野研究会   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.32192/forestcommons.35.0_46

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Research Association of Iriai (Commons) Forests in Central Japan   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Since the Commons Forests Modernization Act of 1966, the Japanese government has promoted so-called "modernization of commons forests", i.e. creation of modern (group or individual) property ownership out of IRIAI type forest management scheme in Japan. In these decades, the creation of modern property ownership has been stagnating. This paper examines what factors are correlated with the creation of modern property ownership in 45 prefectures in Japan. It is found that the sizes of common forests groups and the ratios of plantation forests are negatively correlated with the creation; strength of commons-type management (e.g. loss of right after leaving the village) is positively correlated with the creation of group ownership, and that past labor contribution is positively correlated with the creation of individual ownership. A close examination finds that the economy of scale in the creation of modern ownership turns into the DIS-economy of scale around the level of 201 households.

Language：Japanese   Publisher：FOREST ECONOMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE  

DOI： 10.19013/rinrin.67.1_19

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：English   Publisher：養老孟司（委員長）『「“森から変える日本”委員会」提言書 日本は森（もり）をいかに賢く使い、豊かにしていけるか』：67-78  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Association of Water Resources and Environment  

DOI： 10.6012/jwei.25.57

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Association of Water Resources and Environment   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Publisher：Journal of Rural Problems, 47(2), pp.315-316  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

DOI： 10.1002/csr.199

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Association for Regional Agricultural and Forestry Economics  

In order to investigate the structure of attitudes toward forests among the residents of the southern watershed region of Shiga Prefecture, a questionnaire survey was conducted. By examining the relationships among the responses, the following issues were clarified: the determinants of one's familiarity with forests, one's propensity to participate in forest volunteering, one's propensity to choose houses built from domestic wood, and how people perceive the functions of forests. An individual's age was found to be an important factor affecting his/her relationships with forests. Diversities regarding expectations toward the functions of forests were identified among different age groups and residents of different localities.

DOI： 10.7310/arfe.45.218

CiNii Books

Other Link： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010782262

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English  

This paper examines prospects for and content of a global regime for human rights. Competing schools of thought forecast convergence and divergence of national standards under stress of globalization. No such regime exists, and there is no compelling theory of international corporate social responsibility. However, elements of an emerging global regime can be identified and partially overlap with environmental protection issues. This regime is highly fragmented, underdeveloped, and only partially enforceable—but it is in development. The UN Global Compact, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), ISO 26000 (expected in 2010), the U.S. Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) of 1789 and the permanent international criminal court established in 2002 are illustrations of such elements. The third Ruggie Report, issued 2008, is an important summary of conditions and proposes a strategy for forward progress. Human rights impose important obligations on multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating across highly diverse political, legal, and cultural realities.

DOI： 10.5840/icr200946

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：水資源・環境学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.118.0.169.0

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Agriculture and Economy, 72(8)  

Other Link： https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40007425875/

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：林業経済研究所  

Language：Japanese  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management  

We have used qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to empirically investigate relationships between the organizational structure of environmental management within large Japanese manufacturing firms and their corporate greening processes. Three dimensions of bureaucratization (i.e., formalization, centralization and professionalization) were chosen as the independent variables. Measures of corporate greening, such as integration of environmental responses into general management, introduction of green technologies and transformation of corporate culture, were chosen as the dependent variables. Our sample consists of 193 firms obtained in a survey conducted in 1997. We find that bureaucratization of environmental management generally has a positive relationship with corporate greening and that the presence of one or two of the three dimensions of bureaucratization may be sufficient for corporate greening to implement certain greening measures. The relationship between bureaucratization and ISO 14001 environmental management systems (ISO 14001 EMSs) and limitations of EMSs are also discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

DOI： 10.1002/csr.86

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=29344460374&origin=inward

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：林業経済学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：水利科学 Water Science  

DOI： 10.20820/suirikagaku.48.3_105

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Forestry Review  

During the late 1980s/early 1990s, voluntary forest certification emerged as a new market-based incentive mechanism and had an important influence on the way the world's forests are managed. To understand the mechanism of its diffusion, we employed a survey instrument and probit regression analysis to investigate certification of forest practices by Canadian companies. Specifically, we investigated the characteristics of firms that have considered certification and of firms that have formally manifested their intention to certify. Three major forest certification schemes are considered: (1) ISO 14001, (2) the Canadian Standards Association, and (3) the Forest Stewardship Council. We find that a firm's type of tenure holdings, reliance on export markets, size, and the local community are important factors in explaining why forest companies consider certification.

DOI： 10.1505/IFOR.5.4.329.22657

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=27744431918&origin=inward

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of water and environmental issues (15), 100-102, 2002  

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Journal of Cross Cultural Management  

This study explores the influence of national culture upon leaders' interpretations of corporate environmentalism. The first part of the paper reviews the theoretical and empirical premises for a common interpretation of corporate environmentalism across countries. Three dimensions of corporate environmental performance are distilled from the qualitative literature developed in North America: organizational embeddedness, capacity to undertake environmental actions, and responsibility for protecting nature. We develop a survey instrument to measure corporate environmentalism and collect data from two random samples of Chinese (Shanghai-based) and Japanese executives. Exploratory factor analyses suggest that North American, Chinese, and Japanese executives employ three similar dimensions to interpret the corporate environmental performance of their companies. Using these dimensions, the second part of the study compares the overall degree of corporate environmental performance reported on the average by Chinese and Japanese executives. The study also investigates the influence of national culture, environmental values and socioeconomic contexts upon firm-level greening in both countries. Copyright © 2001 Sage Publications.

DOI： 10.1177/147059580113003

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=29344451276&origin=inward

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Environmental Economics and Management  

This paper examines empirically the determinants that led large Japanese manufacturers to (1) incorporate environmental goals in their decisions, (2) obtain environmental certification (ISO 14001), and (3) become early adopters of environmental certification. We estimate two sets of models: (1) models based on a profit maximization assumption and (2) models which incorporate utility maximization arguments, recognizing that managers' values, attitudes, and beliefs may also influence firms' decisions. The empirical analysis suggests that while the costs and benefits of voluntary actions to enhance or protect the environment and the capacity to act are significant determinants of voluntary environmental commitment, so are the environmental values, beliefs, and attitudes of managers. © 2000 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jeem.2000.1148

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0035705267&origin=inward

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Environmental Management  

A major weapon in Canada’s CO2-emissions reduction arsenal is reliance on moral suasion and voluntary action. In this regard, the Voluntary Challenge and Registry (VCR) program constitutes a major effort to encourage industrial firms to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we begin by providing a critical review of Canadian climate change policy and Canada’s international commitments. We then investigate the effectiveness of Canadian policies by analyzing a survey of industrial firms, examining factors that determine firms’ familiarity with, participation in and commitment to the VCR program, and their stated potential to reduce emissions by 2008-2012 (Kyoto’s commitment period). Results indicate that voluntary programs are unlikely to make a significant contribution to emissions reduction, with industrial firms indicating that, on average, they plan to reduce emissions by some 1-2% below their 1990 level under the current policy approach, much lower than Canada’s 6% reduction target. © 2001 Academic Press.

DOI： 10.1006/jema.2001.0467

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0034751943&origin=inward

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Forestry Chronicle  

Certification has rather quickly emerged to become an important element within the response amalgam to public concerns about the sustainability of commercial forestry. This paper presents the results of a national survey designed to examine the attitudes of Canadian forest companies toward the various certification vehicles and the underlying basis for those attitudes. Included are the ISO 14001, CSA, FSC and FORESTCARE vehicles. The results, which include responses from 117 companies, confirm a recognized need to achieve forest certification and that the appropriate certification vehicle remains unsettled. It is also clear that the forest industry does not expect a price premium to accrue from any of the vehicles. Instead, the main reason for certification is to secure continued access to public forest lands through improved public acceptance of forest management and reduced pressure from environmental groups.

DOI： 10.5558/tfc77309-2

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0034961316&origin=inward

Total pages：2   Responsible for pages：282-283   Language：Japanese   Book type：Dictionary, encyclopedia

Total pages：270   Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

Total pages：366   Language：English   Book type：Scholarly book

Total pages：-   Language：Japanese   Book type：Scholarly book

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Science  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Meeting report   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Meeting report  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Meeting report   Publisher：ひと・健康・未来財団  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

Language：English  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Association for Canadian Studies  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：地方財務協会  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publisher：環境情報科学センタ-  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Online  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Online  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Online  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Online  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋大学，名古屋市  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京農工大学，府中市，東京都  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Prague, Czech Republic  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福島市  

日本の森林管理政策において、林業の採算不振による所有者の「山離れ」は21世紀となってからも引き続き大きな課題である。政策的な対応として、2019年度より市町村による私有林の公的管理を推進する「新たな森林経営管理制度」が導入された。本制度の是非、さらには制度の前提である所有者の「山離れ」の現状については議論がなされている。一方、日本の国土の約７割を占める森林の管理を考えるうえで、その過半（2012年時点で58％）を占める私有林の管理が重要であることは言うまでもない。
　新たな森林経営管理制度では公的管理の推進がうたわれてはいるが、私的財産として森林を所有する森林所有者の意向はその公的管理の前提である。したがって、所有者が自身の森林所有についてどのように感じ、考えているかを把握することは、今後の政策を検討するうえで必要であろう。また、所有者による自発的な森林管理は、環境に配慮した、きめ細かな管理を期待できる点で理想的な姿とも考えられ、所有者が森林に向き合う姿勢の把握はこの点からも重要である。さらに、新たな森林管理制度の財源としては、森林環境譲与税が新たな国民負担をともなって市町村、都道府県に配分されることになる。納税者への説明責任の点からも、森林所有者の意思、それに伴う所有者の果たす役割は明確にされなくてはならない。
ここでは、森林所有者にとっての森林にかかわる主観的幸福度（森林幸福度）を非所有者との対比に基づいて検討する。昨年度の本大会では自然資本、人工資本と森林幸福度の関連について報告したのに対し、今回は森林所有が森林幸福度に及ぼす影響を検討する。

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Lima, Peru  

Over the past few decades, many Japanese forest owners and communities have suffered from the outcomes of anticommons policy. Since the Edo Era (17th through 19th centuries), many Japanese commons forests have been subdivided and placed under private ownership.
Due to recent unfavorable conditions for timber production in Japan, individual owners of the subdivided small forests (carved out from former commons forests) have lost interest in forestry, resulting in unclear borders. Many owners have relocated outside the villages and/or have passed the land down through generations, resulting in unknown ownership. Such ambiguity regarding forest ownership hinders further forest management activities.
Fortunately, there are several ways to ameliorate the anticommons phenomenon in Japan, as illustrated by these examples. 1) Despite the expense, a residents’ association successfully re-appropriated co-ownership land by “technically” suing the current respective co-owners. 2) Some residents’ associations collectively manage subdivided forests as one unit to reduce the damage caused by animals such as wild boars or deer. However, the units are still legally separate and owned by individuals. 3) A residents’ association stipulated that a vacating resident must sell her forest to the remaining residents. This type of rule (iriai), though alien to the modern notion of permanent ownership, was once customary in Japanese villages.
These three cases show how motivations, other than profits, could help address the anticommons phenomenon. These motivations include the intent to keep the community’s holding intact in the event of consolidation at the municipality level, to protect the land against pest animals, and to keep the community’s drinking water pure. These community actions against anticommons were made possible by support such as funding or external expertise. Funding from outside sources, such as rent revenues from a resort company renting the commons land or subsidies from the national and local governments, were indispensable for carrying out some of these communities’ actions. In some of these cases, external administrative and legal expertise, such as employees of local governments, a forestry cooperative, or lawyers, was an important factor in making these actions possible.
In addition, the existing challenges of these communities should be noted. The first community still faces depopulation and is examining how to deal with this problem. The applicability of the second case (community-wide forest management to reduce damage by wild animals) is limited to forests with relatively low economic values. It is difficult to manage separate, private forests with relatively high economic values as one unit since the owners have high stakes in their properties. Considering these challenges, researchers and policy makers should strive to find more innovative solutions for addressing them.

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：Tokyo, Japan  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Okinawa, Japan  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Sophia University  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Stavanger, Norway  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Kochi University, Kochi City  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Hakozaki Campus, Kyushu University,  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Freiburg, Germany  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：高知工科大学，高知市  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Utrecht, The Netherlands  

After World War II, Japan's policy makers believed that common forests were underutilized because of their legal status and organization method under customary iriai-type ownership and that modern ownership in the form of group ownership, such as forest producers' cooperatives, or as individual, separate ownership, would improve the situation. Thus, the Commons Forests Modernization Act of 1966 was enacted, following successive modernization policies since the Meiji Restoration in 1868. We evaluated the impacts of the past modernization policies on the management of commons forests by statistically comparing the performance of modernized and non-modernized forests based on the 2000 Forestry Census. The performance measures for comparison included planting, weeding, thinning, and harvesting activities among others. We found less modernized, customary holdings are more active in tending activities such as weeding and thinning, while modernized holdings may have an advantage in timber sales.

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：島根大学，松江市  

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Rome, Italy  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Portland, Oregon  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道大学，札幌市  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道大学，札幌市  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：法政大学多摩キャンパス，東京都町田市  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日本，つくば市  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)