研究者詳細 - 高橋　卓也

論文 - 高橋　卓也

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Innovativeness of Japanese forest owners and municipalities regarding the valorization of forest ecosystem services: Quantitative evaluation of mutual influences 査読

高橋　卓也，大塚　生美，堀　靖人，柴田　晋吾，柘植　隆宏

Forest Policy and Economics 166 2024年6月

滋賀県の森林簿における入会林野の取扱いに関する一考察

幸司松下, 卓也高橋, 珠乃林

入会林野研究 2023年3月

Exploring evolving spiritual values of forests in Europe and Asia: a transition hypothesis toward re-spiritualizing forests 査読国際誌

Jeanne-Lazya Roux, ...,Takuya Takahashi, ...

Ecology & Society 24 ( 4 ) art20 2022年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Resilience Alliance 参加形態：共同（副担当）

The development of societies, including spiritual development, is closely connected to forests. The larger interrelations among changing societies, transforming forest landscapes, and evolving spiritual values related to forests have yet to be extensively considered. Addressing this research gap is important to avoid the neglect of spiritual values in forest policy and management. Our exploratory study investigates spiritual values of forests from European and Asian perspectives, assessing 13 countries. Based on expert knowledge from 18 interdisciplinary experts, we first define forest spiritual values (forest spirituality). We then elaborate on the idea that forest spirituality evolves as societies and landscapes change, and propose a transition hypothesis for forest spirituality. We identify indicators and drivers and portray four stages of such a transition using country-specific examples. We find that during a first stage (“nature is powerful”), forest spirituality is omnipresent through the abundance of sacred natural sites and practices of people who often directly depend on forests for their livelihoods. An alternative form of spirituality is observed in the second stage (“taming of nature”). Connected to increasing transformation of forest landscapes and intensifying land-use practices, “modern” religions guide human–nature interrelations. In a third stage (“rational management of nature”), forest spirituality is overshadowed by planned rational forest management transforming forests into commodities for the economy, often focusing on provisioning ecosystem services. During a fourth stage (“reconnecting with nature”), a revival of forest spirituality (re-spiritualization) can be observed due to factors such as urbanization and individualizing spirituality. Our core contribution is in showing the connections among changing forest perceptions, changing land-use governance and practices, and changing forest spirituality. Increasing the understanding of this relationship holds promise for supporting forest policy-making and management in addressing trade-offs between spiritual values and other aspects of forests.

DOI： 10.5751/ES-13509-270420

その他リンク： https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol27/iss4/art20/

Cedars of the North Mountains : Historical forest culture and practices in modern day nature policies 査読国際誌

W D Jong, E Urushima, A Flores, B Jacquet, T Takahashi

International Forestry Review 24 ( 3/S1 ) 380 - 392 2022年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Commonwealth Forestry Association 参加形態：共同（副担当）

The region north of Kyoto is referred to as Kitayama, which literally translates as North Mountains. The region is the location of Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar or sugi, production in Japan. Cedar logs grown there are used as pillars in the construction of buildings in a typical Japanese minimalist style, but also traditional rooms included in modern houses. Cedar was planted widely in Japan following World War II not only to rebuild the economy but also to grow raw materials to contribute to post-war housing reconstruction. In Kitayama, cedar has been grown for over 600 years and using specific silvicultural techniques by a community that has a unique cultural legacy which developed around cedar cultivation. The Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex thrived following World War II but is currently under stress. Demand for its highly priced products is declining. It is recognized in Japan and by the city of Kyoto as a valuable cultural historical heritage and efforts are being made to preserve it as such. The success of these efforts has been mixed so far. This paper reviews the Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex in order to understand how historical indigenous forestry practices change over time and how they might be dealt with in advanced societies such as Japan.

DOI： 10.1505/146554822835941896

Effects of forests and forest-related activities on the subjective well-being of residents in a Japanese watershed: An econometric analysis through the capability approach 査読国際誌

Takuya Takahashi, Satoshi Asano, Yukiko Uchida, Kosuke Takemura, Shintaro Fukushima, Kyohei Matsushita, Noboru Okuda

Forest Policy and Economics 139 102723 - 102723 2022年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier 参加形態：共同（主担当）

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of natural capital on overall subjective well-being and forest-related subjective well-being. A questionnaire survey of 1698 urban and rural residents living in a watershed of Japan was conducted in February and March of 2016. Multiple regression and moderation effect analyses are conducted to statistically estimate the respective influences of natural capital, human-made capital, social capital, human capital, and other demographic factors on the above-mentioned two types of subjective well-being. Forest-related activities, human engagement with forests, are supposed to be of great societal and political importance for Japanese society, where past management practices have, at least quantitatively, restored forests from past deforestation. Our statistical analysis tests whether specific engagement with natural capital (forest-related activities) is positively related to subjective well-being. Following the capability approach developed by Amartya Sen, forest-related activities are interpreted as functionings, and the analysis highlights the importance of functionings as links between natural capital and subjective well-being. The results show several forest-related activities have statistically significant effects on overall and forest-related well-being. For respondents living in less forested areas and with less social capital, forest-related activities have stronger effects on their subjective well-being, suggesting that the individual subjective well-being of urban residents and those with less social capital can be enhanced through engagement with forests.

DOI： 10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102723

Innovativeness of Japanese Forest Owners Regarding the Monetization of Forest Ecosystem Services 査読国際誌

Takahashi, Takuya, Takahiro Tsuge, and Shingo Shibata

Sustainability 14 ( 4 ) 2119 - 2119 2022年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）参加形態：共同（主担当）

The monetization of forest ecosystem services requires actors to innovate and tackle difficulties. We conducted a questionnaire survey with forest owners—important actors in implementing monetization—to investigate their innovativeness in Japan. We measured innovativeness regarding monetization by asking whether the owner was interested in, planning for, or had implemented four types of monetization: (i) multifunctional payments, (ii) habitat payments, (iii) non-wood forest product (NWFP) sales, and (iv) forest service industries. Based on the ordered probit analyses of 312 responses, we find that ownership type, age, holding size, and the purpose of forest ownership are associated with owners’ innovativeness indices. Private and corporate owners, ones in their thirties, forties, or fifties, and with larger holding sizes are more innovative than others. Regional characteristics are not relatively important in terms of innovativeness. However, clear ownership purposes, such as investment and non-wood forest products (NWFP), are positively correlated with the indices. These findings shed new light on the entire process of innovation from conceptualization to implementation, as well as practices in under-researched geographical areas in Asia.

DOI： 10.3390/su14042119

その他リンク： https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/4/2119

森林所有者の森林幸福度にかかわる要因の検討—滋賀県野洲川上流域のアンケート調査結果の統計解析から査読

高橋　卓也, 内田　由紀子, 石橋　弘之, 奥田　昇

日本森林学会誌 104 ( 1 ) 39 - 43 2022年2月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本森林学会参加形態：共同（主担当）

森林所有者の森林幸福度（以下，幸福度）が非所有者に比べ低いことが先行研究より明らかになっている。政策目標として，また経営意欲の促進のため，所有者の幸福度向上を目指すことは重要である。そこで，所有者の幸福度向上に関わる可能性がある要因のうち，特に森林政策に関連するものを2018年に滋賀県野洲川流域で実施したアンケート調査結果（回答数　1,457）の分析を通じて検討した。調整効果分析および所有者に限定した重回帰分析を行った結果，森林所有者の幸福度と関連する要因が特定された。木工，のんびりするといった森林関連活動が所有者の幸福度と関連しており，幸福度の向上要因である可能性が示唆される。加えて財産区の役員を務めること，所有森林の人工林率の高さ，境界の把握程度の高さも幸福度と関連していた。過去1年以内に所有森林から得られた収入・収穫は幸福度を向上させ，成人以降の過去の収入・収穫は幸福度を低下させる可能性があることが示唆された。

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.104.39

Exploring evolving spiritual values of forests in Europe and Asia: a transition hypothesis toward re-spiritualizing forests 国際誌

2022年

Safety climate and risk perception of forestry workers: a case study of motor-manual tree felling in Indonesia 査読国際誌

Efi Yuliati Yovi, Dalia Abbas, Takuya Takahashi

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 2021年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）参加形態：共同（副担当）

Timber harvesting processes, especially motor-manual felling, are hazardous to forestry workers’ health and safety. The purpose of this study is to examine forestry workers’ mental safety models (at the supervisor and operator levels) using the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire. This study also examines how operators and their families perceive workplace risks (dread and unknown risk factors). The safety climate analysis revealed that supervisors misunderstand management safety priority, competence, empowerment, and justice. Additionally, this study found that operators do not yet prioritize safety. There was a lack of safety communication and operators’ skepticism about the current safety system. These findings highlight the critical importance of implementing safety measures into operators’ work environments. The risk perception analysis revealed that family members had a greater risk aversion to dread risk factors than operators. As a result, we see a possibility for family members to act as safety-net figures, bolstering the operators’ safety values.

DOI： 10.1080/10803548.2021.1986306

森林に関わる主観的幸福度に影響を及ぼす要因の実証的検討 ―滋賀県野洲川上流域を対象として― 査読

高橋卓也, 内田由紀子, 石橋弘之, 奥田昇

日本森林学会誌 103 ( 2 ) 122 - 133 2021年6月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本森林学会参加形態：共同（主担当）

森林に関わる主観的幸福度を測定し，得られた結果とその要因について検討した。滋賀県野洲川上流域を対象として，2018年に一般世帯を対象とするアンケート調査を実施した。因子分析の結果を踏まえ，森林に関する幸福度を満足度，充実感，プラスの感情，マイナスの感情の4種類に分類し，森林との関わりについての説明変数等による回帰分析を行った。農業，林業への従事は森林充実感と，個人所有林およびボランティアでの森林管理は森林満足度や充実感と正の相関が見られた。一方，地元の山の森林管理はプラスの感情と負の相関を示した。居住地域の森林比率と幸福度との間の相関は特定できなかった。森林所有は4種類すべての森林幸福度と負の関係が見られたが，これは森林の資産価値が低下し，森林管理の負担感が大きくなっていることを示すものと推測される。森林資源の量的な再生がある程度達成され，質的な面での改善が求められている日本の現状において，個々人が森林とどのように関わり，個人およびコミュニティの幸福度をいかに促進するか検討する上で，森林幸福度の構造的な（種類別の）把握が政策課題としても必要とされることを論じる。

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.103.122

New Frontiers in Japanese Forest Policy: Addressing ecosystem disservices in the 21st Century 招待査読国際誌

Takuya Takahashi, Wil de Jong, Hiroaki Kakizawa, Mari Kawase, Koji Matsushita, Noriko Sato, Atsushi Takayanagi

Ambio 50 2272 - 2285 2021年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）参加形態：共同（主担当）

Forests are a potential solution to numerous global environmental issues, and their restoration is widely pursued. Forty percent of Japan’s forests are planted forests. This has caused the common occurrence of forest ecosystem disservices in the country, like—wildlife damage, pollinosis, and driftwood damage. Forest policy processes in Japan are characterized by incrementalism, central mobilization, and hegemony of career civil servants. Responses to forest ecosystem disservices have changed the central mobilization policy pattern. Punctuated equilibrium theory can be applied to several policy processes in Japan, but it provides only limited explanation for policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices. The responses are influenced by national governance and public administration traditions and cultures. It is relevant to expand research on policy responses to forest ecosystem disservices, recognizing that ideal responses may require unusual approaches not within traditional policy making or outside of established policy cultures.

DOI： 10.1007/s13280-021-01566-2

Models Explaining the Levels of Forest Environmental Taxes and Other PES Schemes in Japan 招待査読国際誌

Takuya Takahashi, Katsuya Tanaka

Forests 12 ( 6 ) 685 2021年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）参加形態：共同（主担当）

Between 2003 and April 2016, 37 of 47 prefectures (i.e., sub-national local governmental units) introduced forest environmental taxes—local payment for environmental services (PES) schemes. These introductions are unique historical natural experiments, in which local governments made their own political decisions considering multiple factors. This study empirically evaluates models that explain normalized expenditures from forest environmental taxes as well as other PES schemes (subsidies for enhancing forests’ and mountain villages’ multifunction, and green donation) and traditional forestry budgets for Japan’s 47 prefectures based on the median voter model. Results demonstrate that the median voter model can particularly explain forest environmental taxes and forestry budgets. Specifically, the past incidence of droughts and landslides is positively correlated with the levels of forest environmental taxes. The higher the number of municipalities in a prefecture, the lower the amount of forest environmental tax spent on forests. Moreover, the number of forest volunteering groups, possibly an indicator of social capital in the forest sectors, had strong positive correlations with the levels of forest environmental taxes and forestry budgets. Other PES schemes and forestry budgets had unique patterns of correlations with the examined factors.

DOI： 10.3390/f12060685

その他リンク： https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/6/685

Subjective well-being as a potential policy indicator in the context of urbanization and forest restoration 査読国際誌

Takahashi, T., Y. Uchida, H. Ishibashi, N. Okuda

Sustainability 13 ( 6 ) 3211 2021年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）参加形態：共同（主担当）

The enhancement of human well-being is one of the ultimate goals of resource management;
however, it is not explicitly considered by forest policy indicators. Our previous studies examined
how Japanese citizens in the Yasu River watershed of the Shiga Prefecture perceived subjective
well-being related to forests (forest SWB).We found a negative correlation between forest SWB and
forest ownership, suggesting dissatisfaction with the low profitability of forest ownership. Based on
this result, in this paper, we argue that forest SWB can be an important indicator for policymaking
in the context of urbanization and forest restoration and can complement existing forest indicators
focusing mainly on physical and objective properties. First, we propose that a direct measurement of
well-being (e.g., forest SWB) is preferable over an indirect measurement (e.g., GDP), for policymaking
processes related to forests. Second, forest SWB can reflect the quality of our interactions with forests,
which is important in urbanized societies which tend to have reduced experiences with nature. Third,
forest SWB could identify inequalities between the users of forest ecosystem services and forest
managers. Overall, forest SWB can be a holistic indicator to capture a variety of perspectives held by
citizens.

DOI： 10.3390/su13063211

近年の生産森林組合の事業実施状況の変化について―規模による差異を中心に

松下幸司, 高橋卓也, 仙田徹志, 山口幸三, 吉田嘉雄

日本森林学会大会発表データベース 132 18 - 18 2021年

記述言語：日本語出版者・発行元：日本森林学会

<p>生産森林組合（以下、組合）の数は1996年度には3,482組合あったが、その後減少し、2018年度には2,844組合となった。組合の事業実施状況の変化を経営面積の規模別に明らかにするため、森林組合一斉調査の生産森林組合調査票について個票の組み替え集計を行った。2011年度、2017年度ともに、経営面積が大きいほど施業実施率、林産物の販売実施率は高い傾向にあった。2011年度から2017年度にかけての施業の実施状況の変化をみると、新植・保育・間伐の実施率は低下した。主伐については、実施率は低いながらも若干上昇した。新植・保育・間伐を実施した組合数が減少したため、何らかの施業を実施した組合の数は大きく減少した。林産物販売の実施状況の変化をみると、立木、木材、きのこ類を販売した組合数に大きな変化はなかった。集計対象となる組合数が減少したため、林産物の販売実施率は上昇した。本報告は京都大学学術情報メディアセンター内に設置された農林水産統計の高度利用に関する研究専門委員会における研究成果の一部で、JSPS科研費JP20H03090の助成を受けたものである。生産森林組合調査票の個票使用にあたり、農林水産省統計部にお世話になった。</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.132.0_18

Community actions against anticommons of forests in contemporary Japan: Case studies of former common forests 査読国際誌

Takuya Takahashi, Koji Matsushita, Toshiaki Nishimura

Journal of Forest Research 2020年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Taylor & Francis 参加形態：共同（主担当）

Over the past few decades, many Japanese forest owners and communities have suffered from the outcomes of anticommons (parcelization) phenomenon. Since the Edo Era (17th through 19th centuries), many Japanese commons forests have been subdivided and placed under private ownership. Individual owners of the subdivided small forests (carved out from former commons forests) have lost interest in forestry, resulting in unclear borders. Many owners have relocated outside the villages (absent owners) and/or have passed the land down through generations, resulting in unknown ownership. There are several ways to ameliorate the anticommons phenomenon in Japan, as illustrated by these examples, which we examined employing case study and comparative study approaches. 1) Despite the expense, a residents’ association successfully re-appropriated co-ownership land by “technically” suing the current respective co-owners. 2) Some residents’ associations collectively manage subdivided forests as one unit to reduce the damage caused by animals such as wild boars or deer. However, the units are still legally separate and owned by individuals. 3) A land owners’ association stipulated that a vacating resident owner must sell her forest to the remaining residents. These three cases show how motivations, other than profits, could help address the anticommons phenomenon. These motivations include the intent to keep the community’s holding intact in the event of consolidation at the municipality level, to protect the land against pest animals, and to keep the community’s drinking water pure.

DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2020.1834715

国際コモンズ学会世界大会2019（ペルー・リマ、テーマ「コモンズを守る」）参加報告

Takuya Takahashi

Journal of Forest Commons 2020年

Impacts of 150 Years of Modernization Policies on the Management of Common Forests in Japan: A Statistical Analysis of Micro Census Data 査読国際誌

Takahashi, T., Matsushita, K., Yoshida, Y., & Senda, T.

International Journal of the Commons 13 ( 2 ) 1021 - 1034 2019年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Ubiquity Press 参加形態：共同（主担当）

After World War II, Japan’s policy makers believed that common forests were underutilized because of their legal status and organization method under customary iriai-type ownership and that modern ownership in the form of group ownership, such as forest producers’ cooperatives, or as individual, separate ownership, would improve the situation. Thus, the Common Forests Modernization Act of 1966 was enacted, following successive modernization policies since the Meiji Restoration in 1868. We evaluated the impacts of the past modernization policies on the management of common forests by statistically comparing the performance of modernized and non-modernized 19,690 common forests based on the World Census of Agriculture and Forestry 2000. The performance measures for comparison included planting, weeding, thinning, and harvesting activities. We found less modernized, customary holdings are more active in tending activities such as weeding and thinning, while modernized holdings may have an advantage in harvesting and timber sales.

DOI： 10.5334/ijc.936

その他リンク： https://www.thecommonsjournal.org/articles/10.5334/ijc.936/

2005年・2010年農林業センサスによる生産森林組合の分析－保有山林面積別動向を中心に－査読

松下幸司, 高橋卓也, 吉田嘉雄, 仙田徹志　　

入会林野研究 39 60 - 70 2019年3月

2005 年・2010 年農林業センサスによる生産森林組合の分析

Takuya Takahashi

入会林野研究 39 60 - 70 2019年3月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：中日本入会林野研究会

2005年以降の農林業センサス（以下、センサス）では、法人化区分「森林組合」に、森林組合と生産森林組合の両方が入っている。「森林組合」に含まれる林業経営体で一定条件を満たすものを抽出し、生産森林組合の可能性が高い林業経営体（以下、「生産森林組合」）と見なした。「生産森林組合」に関する分析結果は以下の通りである。2005年センサスと2010年センサスの「生産森林組合」の数は1,310組合、1,470組合で、「森林組合」の総数のそれぞれ56％、65％であった。林業経営体として調査対象となった「生産森林組合」の数は、生産森林組合の設立数のそれぞれ43％、48％であった。保有山林面積別に育林・伐採の実施動向をみたところ、2005年から2010年にかけて、育林のみ、伐採のみを実施した組合が増え、両方を実施した組合は減少した。特に保有山林面積が大きな組合で伐採が増加した。保有山林面積別に林産物販売動向を検討したところ、何らかの林産物を販売した組合が同期間に約8割増加した。特に保有山林面積の大きな組合で木材（立木または素材）の販売が増加した。一定条件を満たす林業経営体を抽出することで、センサスを用いた生産森林組合の経営分析の可能性を示すことが出来た。

DOI： 10.32192/forestcommons.39.0_60

生態系サービス(自然の恵み)の経済評価

Takuya Takahashi

Environmental information science 48 14-19 2019年

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