Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10164-022-00746-1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11257/jjeez.34.1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Entomological Science  

Prey defensive traits against predators can be categorized into primary defense (avoiding detection) and secondary defense (avoiding attack after detection). There are trade-offs between these two defensive traits, which consider the cost of defense. To quantify the predation avoidance efficacy of both defensive traits against common predators, we compared bird predation pressures and the corresponding avoidance measures of cocoons of two nettle moth species, which utilize contrasting avoidance strategies: Parasa lepida (investing predominantly in primary defense) and Monema flavescens (investing predominantly in secondary defense). Field censuses revealed that bird predation was the most significant mortality factor for both species. The survival rate of cocoons was significantly higher for M. flavescens than for P. lepida, although M. flavescens were more conspicuous than P. lepida. Measurement of prepupae (cocoon content) mass, and experiments on the feeding preferences of the prepupae of both species using chicks, confirmed a similar quantity and quality of both speciesʼ prepupae as prey items. Our results were explained by the advantage of cocoon hardness outweighing the disadvantage of cocoon conspicuousness. The predation behavior of wild birds suggested that they spent considerably longer handling than searching for cocoons, which accounted for their cocoon preference for P. lepida over M. flavescens in the context of optimal foraging theory. Our results suggested that secondary defense was more effective in reducing bird predation than primary defense in limacodid cocoons.

DOI： 10.1111/ens.12482

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DOI： 10.1111/ens.12482

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10228-021-00826-1

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Other Link： https://doi.org/10.11257/jjeez.32.111

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Applied Entomology  

Tephritid fruit flies are important pests of fruits and vegetables worldwide, but few studies have examined their ecology and life history in their native range because non-adult individuals of closely related species are morphologically indistinguishable. To identify non-adult individuals collected from host plants, flies examined in earlier studies were painstakingly reared to adulthood. Using Zeugodacus scutellatus Hendel as a model species, this study established a simple DNA extraction and purification method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for on-site molecular identification of non-adult fruit flies. The non-adult individual body fluids were sampled using a sterilized toothpick and then diluted in TE buffer and heated for a short time. Alternatively, eggs were crushed in TE buffer using a sterilized toothpick and then heated. After heated buffer was added to the LAMP reaction mixture as template DNA and the mixture was heated for incubation of polymerase, the LAMP reaction detected the amplified DNA of Z. scutellatus. This purification method, characterized by heating after dilution with TE buffer, is simple and rapid. Our purification method, which obviates large centrifuges, thermal cyclers, and other apparatus, provides lower-cost and better on-site molecular identification of non-adult fruit flies than methods described in earlier reports. The LAMP-based molecular identification technique and our purification method are particularly useful for studying quarantined pest organisms that cannot be removed from their native areas.

DOI： 10.1111/jen.12820

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Evolutionary Ecology  

Parapatric distributions of closely related species are common in many taxonomic groups. However, habitat overlap in sympatric areas within both species’ ranges is complex and driven by the nature of the interactions between species as well as each species’ ecological requirements. We therefore investigated the distribution of breeding habitats for two congeneric frogs, Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Pelophylax porosus brevipodus, in a region of Japan where these species co-occur, based on observation of mating calls as an index of the abundance of males engaging in reproductive activities. Among a total of 381 surveyed sites, P. nigromaculatus and P. porosus brevipodus were found at 171 and 229 sites, respectively. Pelophylax porosus brevipodus was widely distributed throughout the study area and was more abundant than P. nigromaculatus in sympatric sites. Analysis using cumulative link mixed models revealed that the abundance of calling males was negatively affected by the presence of calling males of the other species and by landscape factors. Interspecific differences in this negative effect appear to favor P. porosus brevipodus over P. nigromaculatus in our study area. Due to differences in the primary habitat preferences of the two species during the non-breeding season, habitat partitioning during the breeding season is likely driven by negative interspecific interactions during the reproductive process (i.e., reproductive interference).

DOI： 10.1007/s10682-020-10061-1

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DOI： 10.1007/s10682-020-10061-1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Annals of botany  

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Heterospecific pollen transfer may reduce the fitness of recipient species, a phenomenon known as reproductive interference. A theoretical study has predicted that distributions of species pairs affected by reproductive interference may be syntopic under negligible reproductive interference, sympatric but with partitioning at small spatial scale (i.e. allotopic) under weak interference, or exclusive when reproductive interference is strong. Verifying these predictions is essential for evaluation of the applicability of reproductive interference as a general assembly rule of biological communities. The aim of this study was to test these predictions in two sympatrically distributed wild Geranium species, G. thunbergii and G. wilfordii. METHODS: To measure the effect of reproductive interference, the associations between the relative abundance of the counterpart species and seed set in the focal species, and seed set reduction following mixed pollination, were analysed. The possibility of hybridization with viable offspring was examined by genotyping plants in the field and after mixed pollination. Fertility of putative hybrids was based on their seed set and the proportion of pollen grains with apertural protrusions. A transect study was conducted to examine spatial partitioning, and possible influences of environmental conditions (canopy openness and soil moisture content) on partitioning between the species were analysed. KEY RESULTS: Neither abundance of the counterpart species nor heterospecific pollen deposition significantly affected seed set in the focal species, and hybridization between species was almost symmetrical. Putative hybrids had low fertility. The two species were exclusively distributed at small scale, although environmental conditions were not significantly different between them. CONCLUSIONS: The allotopy of the two species may be maintained by relatively weak reproductive interference through bidirectional hybridization. Re-evaluation of hybridization may allow ongoing or past reproductive interference to be recognized and provide insight into the distributional relationships between the interacting plants.

DOI： 10.1093/aob/mcz210

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Language：English  

DOI： 10.1093/aob/mcz210

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Environmental Monitoring and Assessment  

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The repeatability test of the analytical method for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was conducted with sediment sample. The maximum HBCD concentration exceeded the minimum by a factor of 90 even though the identical sediment samples were used. Therefore, we examined which step of the analytical method was the factor causing variability. We examined the blank test, and confirmation test of the extraction and purified procedure. From these results, we confirmed that there was nothing wrong with the accuracy of our analytical method. These results indicate that the variability of HBCD concentration in the repeatability test was attributed not to the analytical method, but to the inhomogeneity of the sediment sample. Aluminum, silicon, and organic carbon in sediments were measured to compare the variability of these concentrations with that of HBCD concentration. These concentrations were similar values within identical samples which showed variability in HBCD concentration. HBCD concentration in several samples did not correlate with organic carbon content. These results suggests that sediment samples were homogeneous by itself, and HBCD was heterogeneously distributed in spite of homogeneity of organic carbon in sediment. The sediment sample with variability in HBCD concentration showed different HBCD diastereomer compositions in identical sediment. It implies that the sample contained HBCD derived from different histories or point sources. Even though we increased sample amounts to analyze the homogeneity of the sample, HBCD concentration varied within identical samples if the sample had a hot spot. Past monitoring data may contain overestimation or underestimation of HBCD concentration in sediment.

DOI： 10.1007/s10661-019-7553-6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Annals of Botany  

© The Author(s) 2018. Background and Aims Reproductive interference may reduce fitness of either of the involved species, with potentially important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Except for the effect of shared pollinators on reproductive success, however, mechanisms underlying reproductive interference have been little studied, even though the severity of its impact may depend on the specific mechanism. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the mechanisms of reproductive interference between Taraxacum japonicum (native to Japan) and Taraxacum officinale (alien). • Methods In a field survey, the association between alien species density and seed set in T. japonicum, and whether pollinator behaviour indicated a preference for the alien, were examined. Effects of heterospecific pollen deposition were measured in a series of hand pollination experiments, including mixed pollination experiments in which the order of application of conspecific and heterospecific pollen was varied. Finally, to investigate hybridization frequency, the parentage of seedlings produced following natural, mixed or heterospecific pollination was compared. • Key Results Alien species density did not negatively affect native seed set, nor did pollinators appear to have a preference for alien flowers. The hand pollination experiments showed that heterospecific pollen deposition adversely affected native seed set, especially when alien pollen was applied before conspecific pollen. No viable hybrids were found following natural pollination, which suggests that hybridization might be a rare event. • Conclusion Among the examined mechanisms, heterospecific pollen deposition might have the largest deleterious effect on the native species. This effect is frequency dependent; thus, a positive feedback loop may cause the effect on the population dynamics to increase over time, with the result that the alien might eventually displace the native in a population. Effects of the examined mechanisms on population dynamics should be investigated further to improve understanding of the impact of reproductive interference on the structure of plant communities.

DOI： 10.1093/aob/mcz007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Applied Entomology and Zoology  

© 2018, The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology. Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) are extremely destructive pests of fruits and vegetables in the Asia-Pacific region. Earlier reports have described that B. carambolae and B. dorsalis, respectively, use mainly star fruit and mango, suggesting a certain level of host partitioning which can be ascribed neither to differences in larval food qualities nor host-specific parasitoid mortality. This study specifically examined reproductive interference (antagonistic sexual interaction) between B. carambolae and B. dorsalis as a potential factor strongly affecting their host partitioning. We observed mating behaviors, especially interspecific courtships and mating, by cohabiting the conspecific and heterospecific pairs together. Consequently, we quantified their effects on the reproductive success of females. Males of both species frequently courted their own females, but they also courted females of other species. Courtship refusal by females was not selective in males of either species. This incomplete discrimination of both sexes led to frequent occurrences of interspecific sexual interactions in both species, but only B. carambolae females showed reduced reproductive success. These results suggest that B. dorsalis, superior in reproductive interference, can occupy high-quality mango, whereas B. carambolae, inferior in reproductive interference, must use low-quality star fruit.

DOI： 10.1007/s13355-018-0584-6

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DOI： 10.1007/s13355-018-0584-6

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Environmental Biology of Fishes  

© 2018, Springer Nature B.V. Reproductive interference occurs when fitness of females of one species decreases because of misdirected courtship behaviors by males of another species. Reproductive interference strongly excludes either species in the interaction but it does not persist for long on an evolutionary time scale. Therefore, reproductive interference between a pair of co-evolved native species is difficult to observe because exclusion ends the interaction even if even the potential for reproductive interference still exists. However, anthropogenic environmental changes can bring about secondary contact between two species and trigger reproductive interference, leading to local species extinction. We demonstrated this phenomenon with two native spined loaches: Cobitis magnostriata (Cmag) and C. minamorii oumiensis (Cmio). In 2015 and 2016, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of adults and juveniles of both species to estimate the effects of the relative abundance of adults on reproductive success. Additionally, we surveyed the distribution of juveniles and investigated the proportion of gravid females which failed to reproduce at the end of the spawning season. In 2016, Cmio juveniles were fewer than in 2015, although the abundances of Cmio adults were similarly low in both years and the Cmag adults were more abundant in 2016 than in 2015. The juveniles of the two species exhibited similar spatiotemporal dynamics. At the end of the spawning season, Cmag males were abundant and most Cmio females failed to reproduce. These results suggest that the two species share spawning habitats and seasons and that Cmag males exert reproductive interference on Cmio females. This report is the first of a study suggesting that anthropogenic environmental changes triggered reproductive interference between native species in the field.

DOI： 10.1007/s10641-018-0787-2

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10641-018-0787-2

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Plant Research  

© 2018, The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature. Heterodichogamy is defined as the presence of two flower morphs that exhibit the male and female functions at different times among individuals within a population. Heterodichogamy is regarded as an adaptation to promote outcrossing through enhanced inter-morph mating, together with a 1:1 morph ratio. However, in highly fragmented populations, the morph ratio may be more likely to be biased by stochastic events. In such a situation, individuals of a minority morph within a population are expected to have higher reproductive success than those of a majority morph, which may suffer from pollen shortages of the minority morph. In this paper, we evaluated mating patterns and male reproductive success in a highly fragmented population of Machilus thunbergii, a putative heterodichogamous evergreen laurel tree. Results of paternity analysis indicated that the selfing rate was not clearly different between the two morphs. In contrast, the proportion of intra-morph mating was higher in the majority-morph (MM) mother trees than in the minority-morph (MF) mother trees. Bayesian estimated male reproductive success indicated that male reproductive success was higher in minority-morph (MF) than in majority-morph (MM) mother trees. These findings indicate that (1) the majority morph mothers, suffering a shortage of the opposite morph pollen, could partly compensate for the reduced reproductive success by intra-morph mating rather than by selfing, and (2) negative-frequency dependent selection may be involved in the maintenance of the two morphs.

DOI： 10.1007/s10265-018-1018-9

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10265-018-1018-9

Other Link： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10265-018-1018-9.pdf

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DOI： 10.11257/jjeez.29.135

Other Link： https://doi.org/10.11257/jjeez.29.135

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10201-016-0486-7

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10682-016-9861-4

Web of Science

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0164381

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0164381

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11257/jjeez.27.17

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Veterinary Medical Association  

We examined the distribution of <i>Corynebacterium ulcerans</i> in dogs, cats and rats in Osaka city. <i>C. ulcerans</i> was detected in five of 137 cats (3.6 %), but not in the dogs and rats examined. The five cats from which <i>C. ulcerans</i> was isolated showed poor physical condition. The five isolates from the positive cats produced diphtheria toxin and showed biochemically identical, common antibiotic susceptibility patterns, genotypes for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping. These results indicated the possibility that genetically identical or closely related <i>C. ulcerans</i> is widely distributed among cats in Osaka city.

DOI： 10.12935/jvma.68.765

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DOI： 10.1007/s10265-015-0750-7

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DOI： 10.1007/s10265-015-0750-7

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DOI： 10.2108/zs150001.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2108/zs150001

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DOI： 10.1002/ece3.1558

Other Link： http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541983/

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DOI： 10.1007/s10144-015-0489-y

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DOI： 10.1007/s10144-015-0492-3

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DOI： 10.1007/s10144-015-0490-5

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Dimorphic sexual differences in shape and body size are called sexual dimorphism and sexual size dimorphism, respectively. The degrees of both dimorphisms are considered to increase with sexual selection, represented by male-male competition. However, the degrees of the two dimorphisms often differ within a species. In some dung beetles, typical sexual shape dimorphisms are seen in male horns and other exaggerated traits, although sexual size dimorphism looks rare. We hypothesized that the evolution of this sexual shape dimorphism without sexual size dimorphism is caused by male-male competition and their crucial and sex-indiscriminate provisioning behaviors, in which parents provide the equivalent size of brood ball with each of both sons and daughters indiscriminately. As a result of individual-based model simulations, we show that parents evolve to provide each of sons and daughters with the optimal amount of resource for a son when parents do not distinguish the sex of offspring and males compete for mates. This result explains why crucial and sex-indiscriminate parental provisioning does not prevent the evolution of sexual shape dimorphism. The model result was supported by empirical data of Scarabaeidae beetles. In some dung beetles, sexual size dimorphism is absent, compared with significant sexual size dimorphism in other horned beetles, although both groups exhibit similar degrees of sexual shape dimorphism in male horns and other exaggerated traits.

DOI： 10.1002/ece3.1558

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Kanasai Organization for Nature Conservation  

CiNii Books

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DOI： 10.1007/s10144-015-0492-3

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10144-015-0489-y

Web of Science

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DOI： 10.1007/s10144-015-0490-5

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Plant Systematics  

Reproductive Interference is a negative interspecific interaction during reproductive processes, which may act a critical role in displacement of native species by its alien congeners. To understand the alien RI effect on distributional relationships of Japanese Taraxacum, we focused on a native species in Izu Peninsula, putatively T. platycalpum, and investigated the coexistence with the alien congener T. officinale and its vulnerability to the alien RI. Our field survey revealed strong negative correlations in the local density between the native and the alien, and reductions in seed-set of the native only when relative abundance of the alien was 80% or more. These results suggest considerable negative effects of the alien RI on the native in Izu only if the native is the small minority at a spatial scale within which RI works, but otherwise the native should be impervious to the alien.

DOI： 10.18942/bunrui.KJ00009868547

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DOI： 10.12935/jvma.68.765

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1093/mollus/eyu054

Web of Science

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DOI： 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.023

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PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

1. Reproductive interference (RI), any negative interspecific interaction during the reproductive process, has been gaining increasing attention due to its potential explanatory power for the mutually exclusive distribution of closely related species. RI in plants may occur during any of three stages: pollen transfer, pollen-pistil interactions or hybridization. Pollen-pistil interactions may be especially important as most studies of RI have suggested the involvement at this stage. Details of these interactions are required to fully explore RI and are especially relevant in considering the impact of RI in the field.
2. We present a plausible explanation of how RI functions in the pollen-pistil interaction stage using two Japanese native dandelions, Taraxacum japonicum and Taraxacum longeappendiculatum, of which only the former is vulnerable to RI from an alien congener, Taraxacum officinale. We conducted a series of hand pollinations in these native dandelions and compared pollen tube behaviour to examine differences associated with vulnerability and imperviousness to RI from the alien.
3. The two native dandelions differed in terms of the absence/presence of pollen tube elongation after heterospecific pollination (pollination with only T. officinale): pollen tubes grew through the ovaries of the vulnerable T. japonicum, but not through those of the impervious T. longeappendiculatum. In vitro hand pollination verified that the alien pollen tubes could extend into the ovaries of T. japonicum.
4. Our results show that RI from the alien dandelion consumed ovules by heterospecific pollen deposition. The pistils of the impervious native species could prevent growth of the alien pollen tubes, thereby sparing the ovules for fertilization by conspecific pollen. The pistils of the vulnerable species lacked interspecific incompatibility against the alien, and thus, the alien pollen tube entered the ovary, eliminating an opportunity for conspecific pollen fertilization. This consumption of ovules by heterospecific pollen tubes would cause a seed set failure, leading to reduced abundance and a further exertion of RI in the next generation, which explains displacement of the vulnerable species by the alien in the field.

DOI： 10.1111/1365-2435.12165

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11369/jji.61.15

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION  

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes the potentially life-threatening illness listeriosis. Previously, a few clones of L. monocytogenes persisting in a cold-smoked fish processing plant were isolated from the plant's products continuously. To evaluate the role of biofilms in the persistence of L. monocytogenes strains specific to this plant, the abilities of the persistent strain (PS) and transient strain (TS) of L. monocytogenes found in this plant to form biofilms were compared, as was resistance to the sanitizing effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC). The PS produced more biofilm than the TS in 48 h. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), the BC concentration at which the ATP bioluminescence of each bacterial strain decreased by 50% relative to its maximum activity, was about 150-fdld higher in the PS than in the TS. In contrast, when these values were measured in organisms in a planktonic state, the EC50 of the PS was only 2.2-fold higher than that of the TS. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from biofilms, and the glucose content of these biofilms was determined with the phenol sulfuric acid method to estimate the quantity of EPS. The total amount of EPS in the PS biofilm was higher than that in the TS biofilm. These findings suggest that the PS produces greater amounts of biofilm and EPS than the TS, which results in greater resistance of the PS to disinfectants. The persistence of the strain in the fish processing plant might he attributable to these properties.

DOI： 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-225

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN, UNIV TOKYO, SCH AGR  

We analyzed existing records of the presence and breeding of three water bird species (Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis; Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus; and Spot-billed Duck Anas zonorhyncha) at 1,087 ponds in Osaka Prefecture to estimate the effects on them of various environmental, geographical, and social factors. A conditional autoregressive (CAR) model, incorporating spatial structure as a random effect, was applied in the analyses. Results show a significant positive effect of a broad shape of the water surface, which indicates the importance of threats by terrestrial enemies, on the probability of the presence of each species. Two human social factors affected the probability of breeding of two bird species: human population density negatively affected the breeding probability of T ruficollis and A. zonorhyncha; and the retail store density, an index of development as a commercial area, positively affected the latter species. Spatial random effects reflecting unmeasured factors were large and comparable to other measured factors. Different patterns were exhibited among the three species, demonstrating that other important factors were overlooked and that these effects should be assessed by application of methods such as the CAR model.

DOI： 10.2326/osj.12.15

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.077

Web of Science

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DOI： 10.4236/ajps.2013.43069

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11257/jjeez.24.133

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

Here we document a novel phenomenon that, based on field observations in central Japan, cleistogamous flowers (or closed flowers) of an annual herb <italic>Lamium amplexicaule</italic> were dominantly expressed near an alien congener <italic>L. purpureum</italic>. The proportion of cleistogamous flowers in an individual <italic>L. amplexicaule</italic> increased with the frequency of <italic>L. purpureum</italic> occurring in the same patches but did not increase with the total density of <italic>Lamium</italic> plants and their own size. To confirm the consistency of the effect of the coexisting alien species, we assessed the cleistogamous frequency at the patch level for three other populations. In these populations as well, the proportion of <italic>L. amplexicaule</italic> producing cleistogamous flowers increased with the frequency of <italic>L. purpureum</italic>. Our transplant experiment at one site found no effect of the nearby presence of <italic>L. purpureum</italic> on the seed set of <italic>L. amplexicaule</italic> and therefore did not support the hypothesis that the adverse effect on the reproduction via interspecific pollination favored cleistogamous flowers that accepted no external pollen. Further studies must be conducted to examine the negative interactions between the related species before and after seed development.

DOI： 10.1155/2013/476862

Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2013/476862.xml

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK  

For some plant species, DNA extraction and downstream experiments are inhibited by various chemicals such as polysaccharides and polyphenols. This short communication proposed an organic-solvent free (except for ethanol) extraction method. This method consists of an initial washing step with STE buffer (0.25 M sucrose, 0.03 M Tris, 0.05 M EDTA), followed by DNA extraction using a piece of glass fiber filter. The advantages of this method are its safety and low cost. The purity of the DNA solution obtained using this method is not necessarily as high as that obtained using the STE/CTAB method, but it is sufficient for PCR experiments. These points were demonstrated empirically with two species, Japanese speedwell and common dandelion, for which DNA has proven difficult to amplify via PCR in past studies.

DOI： 10.1007/s10265-012-0502-x

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER  

In the quantitative estimation of the effectiveness of pesticides and repellents, Abbott's correction and similar methods have been used for nearly a century. However, the formulas for such corrections have some disadvantages in performing range estimations and being used in batched experiments. These disadvantages also exist in the estimation of EC50, the chemical concentration that produces 50% mortality. In this study, I propose as a solution to these problems a Bayesian estimation with a logistic model. This method enables the flexible modeling of non-normal variables in complex experimental design, for example, life-death response in a batched experiment. Furthermore, if any knowledge about focal phenomena exists, it can be used in analyses as a prior distribution, thus enhancing the accuracy of the estimation.

DOI： 10.1603/EC11360

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/jmv.23211

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Reproductive interference (RI) has been suggested to play a critical role in native plant displacement by alien congeners. However, although co-existence of native and alien congeners may provide an opportunity to refute the RI hypothesis, few studies have examined such a case. Using a native Japanese dandelion, Taraxacum longeappendiculatum, and a co-existing alien congener, Taraxacum officinale, we tested the hypothesis that differences in RI by the alien between native recipient congeners explain whether a native will co-exist with or be displaced by an alien. We conducted a field survey to investigate the effects of alien relative abundance on T. longeappendiculatum seed set, and a hand-pollination experiment to identify the extent of pollen interference by the alien on T. longeappendiculatum. We compared these results with those obtained previously for another Japanese native species, Taraxacum japonicum, which was displaced by the alien. In our field survey, alien relative abundance had little effect on seed set in nearby T. longeappendiculatum, and hand-pollination with mixed pollen grains produced no substantial decrease in seed set of the native species. Model selection supported these tendencies; the effect of RI by the alien differed between the two native species. Other potential factors, such as resource competition or habitat changes, could not explain the co-existence of T. longeappendiculatum with and exclusion of T. japonicum by the alien in the same explanatory framework. Considering the consistent explanatory power, the findings suggest that RI is a critical mechanism that can determine both co-existence with and displacement of native dandelions by an alien congener.

DOI： 10.1007/s10530-011-0088-6

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11257/jjeez.23.143

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1155/2013/476862

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Ecological Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.18960/seitai.62.2_255

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Plant Systematics  

In recent years, molecular biological analyses have been used in diverse areas of biology study. This wider use has increased demand for more convenient and safe methods of DNA extraction and purification. The author proposes an improved DNA extraction method using a glass-fiber filter. The improvements were mainly three. The first was centrifugation of homogenized plant tissue. The second was the addition of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extraction reagent as a polyphenol absorbent. The final was the removal and collection of solvent from the glass fiber filter pieces using a desktop centrifuge. This improved method, which can extract sufficiently pure DNA solution for PCR amplification in diverse plant species, presents advantages over many conventional methods such as lower cost and higher safety, while accommodating a wider range of applications than the conventional glass fiber filter method can.

DOI： 10.18942/bunrui.KJ00007405277

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.12.008

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.aspen.2010.12.008

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10265-010-0368-8

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-4-431-53901-8_7

Web of Science

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11298/taiki.46.179

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本植物分類学会  

Reproductive interference (RI) refers to negative interspecific interactions in which the reproductive activities of one species directly reduce the reproductive success of another species. RI can be observed in various events in plant reproductive processes, such as stigma clogging and pollen allelopathy. The most conspicuous feature of RI is its positive frequency dependence and its self-reinforcing impact via positive feedback: when two species exert RI on one another, the more abundant species exerts a more intense adverse effect on the reproductive success of the other and then becomes...

DOI： 10.18942/bunrui.KJ00006537116

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publisher：The Lepidopterological Society of Japan  

A late-instar larva of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) was found feeding on bread in a residential home in Osaka. The larva may have inadvertently invaded the house, or earlier the grocery store or bakery, to ultimately feed on the bread. The larva was subsequently reared on the bread in the laboratory, but it died before pupation. This occurrence represents a rare case of the infestation of a processed cereal food by a macrolepidopteran caterpillar and the second report of bread-feeding in the cotton bollworm. Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars typically feed on leaves and...

DOI： 10.18984/lepid.61.2_173

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10530-009-9574-5

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00207.x

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11258-009-9644-x

Web of Science

DOI： 10.18984/lepid.61.2_173

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11468/seikatsueisei.54.312

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11468/seikatsueisei.54.85

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Kanasai Organization for Nature Conservation  

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1603/029.102.0531

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10530-008-9309-z

Web of Science

DOI： 10.11468/seikatsueisei.53.145

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0003411

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL  

We observed the seasonal occurrence and foraging behaviors of a terrestrial red mite, Balaustium murorum (Hermann), on the roof of a building in Osaka and analyzed the stable isotope ratios in the mite and three prey species to study its feeding habits. On direct observation, the adult mites formed groups and fed on small insects and anthers that had fallen on the roof. When pollen of the grass Polypogon fugax Steud. was experimentally added to the roof surface, the adult mites fed more frequently than they did without the pollen. We measured the stable isotope ratios of C and N in the mite and three prey species, P. fugax, a plant louse (Psyliidae sp.), and a cyanobacterium (Hassallia sp.), and estimated the contribution of each to the mite. This showed that P.fugax made the largest contribution, about 50%, irrespective of the estimation method. From these results, we concluded that the pollen was the most important food resource for the mite, although it is an omnivore.

DOI： 10.1303/jjaez.2008.87

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL  

We observed the seasonal occurrence and foraging behaviors of a terrestrial red mite, Balaustium murorum (Hermann), on the roof of a building in Osaka and analyzed the stable isotope ratios in the mite and three prey species to study its feeding habits. On direct observation, the adult mites formed groups and fed on small insects and anthers that had fallen on the roof. When pollen of the grass Polypogon fugax Steud. was experimentally added to the roof surface, the adult mites fed more frequently than they did without the pollen. We measured the stable isotope ratios of C and N in the mite and three prey species, P. fugax, a plant louse (Psyliidae sp.), and a cyanobacterium (Hassallia sp.), and estimated the contribution of each to the mite. This showed that P.fugax made the largest contribution, about 50%, irrespective of the estimation method. From these results, we concluded that the pollen was the most important food resource for the mite, although it is an omnivore.

DOI： 10.1303/jjaez.2008.87

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publisher：大阪生活衛生協会  

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11468/seikatsueisei.52.221

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2008303049

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.11468/seikatsueisei.52.221

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER  

Habitat fragmentation increases habitat edge, which often enhances predation pressure. This phenomenon, termed the "edge effect," has been documented for many organisms. However, its underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently understood, particularly for insect species. Thus, we aimed to interpret the behavioral mechanism of edge effects in two cicada species: Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata (Motschulsky) and Cryptotympana facialis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). In recent decades, the G. nigrofuscata has been decreasing in urban environments, whereas C. facialis has not. We compared the predation pressure by birds in four urban and three suburban habitats and we observed predation-avoidance behaviors. Results showed that the G. nigrofuscata incurred extremely high predation pressure. However, in C. facialis, predation pressure was constant among habitats. Behavioral observations revealed that predation avoidance of G. nigrofuscata was highly cover dependent, because threatened individuals hid in nearby trees. When tree cover is highly fragmented, the G. nigrofuscata probably has difficulty hiding. However, C. facialis fled cover independently. Front these results, we concluded that the main causes of the decline of G. nigrofuscata in urban habitats were its cover dependence and the increasing discontinuity of tree coverage.

DOI： 10.1603/0013-8746(2007)100[729:CDOPAA]2.0.CO;2

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10164-005-0157-3

Web of Science

DOI： 10.11468/seikatsueisei.50.323

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1603/0013-8746(2004)097[0346:VIESWA]2.0.CO;2

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10164-003-0093-z

Web of Science

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1649/627

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00619.x

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1303/aez.2001.311

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s101440050031

Web of Science

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(地独)大阪健康安全基盤研究所  

2013年に食中毒・有症苦情などで大阪市立環境科学研究所に検体が搬入された86事件の検体について、下痢原性微生物の検出を行った。下痢原性微生物が検出された61件(70.9%)の内訳は、ノロウイルス34件、カンピロバクター11件、黄色ブドウ球菌10件、サルモネラ4件、クドア・セプテンプンクタータ4件、ウェルシュ菌3件、セレウス菌2件、サポウイルス2件、下痢原性大腸菌2件であった。複数の下痢原性微生物が同時に検出されたのは、クドア・セプテンプンクタータ/黄色ブドウ球菌2件、サルモネラ/カンピロバクター2件、セレウス菌/黄色ブドウ球菌2件、ノロウイルス/カンピロバクター1件、黄色ブドウ球菌/ウェルシュ菌1件、大腸菌0166/カンピロバクター1件、クドア・セプテンプンクタータ/黄色ブドウ球菌/ウェルシュ菌が1件の計10件であった。社員食堂の昼食を原因食とするastA保有大腸菌0166:H15による集団食中毒を6月に1件認めた。

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (scientific journal)  

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：大阪生活衛生協会  

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用動物昆虫学会  

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用動物昆虫学会  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用動物昆虫学会  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用動物昆虫学会  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用動物昆虫学会  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本応用動物昆虫学会  

CiNii Books

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