Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2018, Center for Academic Publications Japan. All rights reserved. We investigated oral glucose tolerance and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in non-obese and non-insulin-dependent diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats fed high-Trp diets. Five-week-old male Wistar and GK rats were fed a 20% casein diet (control diet) or the same diet supplemented with 1%, 2%, 3%, or 5% Trp for 58 d. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on Days 14 and 28 of the experimental period. Urine as well as livers and blood were collected on the last day of the experiment. The glucose concentration and the amount of Trp metabolites were measured. On Day 14 of the experiment, the incremental blood glucose concentrations integrated over a period of 2 h (∆AUC0-2h) of blood glucose in rats fed the 3% and 5% Trp diets had decreased by 13% and 18%, respectively, compared with that of the control-GK rats. However, no significant differences were found in the rats fed +1% or +2% Trp diets compared with control-GK rats. On Day 28, there were no significant differences found in the ∆AUC0-2hof blood glucose levels in any group including the control-GK group. On the last day, the concentrations of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride did not show differences in any group. There were no specific phenomena observed in the metabolism of Trp in GK rats even when fed an excess of Trp, compared with that of Wistar rats. Oral Trp administration and its continuous use may not improve blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic rats.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.64.48

Scopus

Other Link： https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85042560014&origin=inward

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DOI： 10.1177/1010539517691092

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

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Publisher：3  

DOI： 10.1111/jgs.12690

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN  

The Adequate Intake (AI) values in: the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-J) 2010 were mainly determined based on the median intakes from 2 y of pooled data (2005-2006) from the National Health and Nutrition Survey-Japan (NHNS-J). However, it remains unclear whether 2 y of pooled data from the NHNS-J are appropriate for evaluating the intake of the population. To clarify the differences in nutrient intakes determined from 2 and 7 y of pooled data, we analyzed selected nutrient intake levels by sex and age groups using NHNS-J data. Intake data were obtained from 64,624 individuals (age: >= 1 y; 47.4% men) who completed a semi-weighed 1-d household dietary record that was part of the NHNS-J conducted annually in Japan from 2003 to 2009. There were no large differences between the median intakes calculated from 2 or 7 y of pooled data for n-6 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D, pantothenic acid, potassium, or phosphorus. When the AI values and median intakes were compared, there was no large difference in the values for n-6 or n-3 PUFAs, pantothenic acid, or phosphorus. Conversely, the AI values for vitamin D and potassium differed from the median intakes of these nutrients for specific sex and age groups, because values were not based on NHNS-J data. Our results indicate that 2 y of pooled data from the NHNS-J adequately reflect the population's intake, and that the current system for determination of AI values will be applicable for future revisions.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.59.584

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN  

This study was performed to: (1) assess the prevalence of dietary supplement and fortified food use, (2) examine the differences in vitamin E intake with and without dietary supplementation and/or fortified food use, and (3) determine whether some individuals consume vitamin E above the tolerable upper intake level (UL). Data were obtained from 64,624 individuals (age, >= 1 y; 47.4% males) who completed a 1-d household dietary assessment that was part of the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in Japan, 2003-2009. The survey also obtained information on the brand or generic name of each dietary supplement or fortified food reported, including their ingredients, through dietary assessment. The prevalence of a potential risk of excess was estimated by the proportion of persons above the age-/sex-specific ULs provided by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010. Supplement use was reported by 5.8% of men and 7.7% of women, whereas fortified food consumption was reported by only 2.9% of men and 3.6% of women. Use of dietary supplements was most common among older women, whereas use of fortified foods was most common among younger women. Both dietary supplement and fortified food use accounted for maximum vitamin E intake; however, the use of dietary supplements and fortified foods had little effect on the median and 95th percentile intake values. None of the subjects consumed nutrients above the UL. The collected data confirm that the use of both dietary supplements and fortified foods contributes a small amount to nutrient intake in Japanese subjects.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.59.576

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF) on B-group vitamin status using model rats in which adenine-induced CRF. We measured B-groups vitamins in the urine, blood, liver, and kidney. These results showed that renal failure affected the distribution, metabolism, and renal clearance of water-soluble vitamins, and that the effects were different with each vitamin.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.120941

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) of carbohydrates and dietary fiber were determined for Japanese. The estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates were not determined because of insufficient data. The tentative dietary goal for preventing lifestyle-related diseases (DG) for children aged 1 y and above was determined for carbohydrates (% energy). In addition, the DG for adults aged 18 y and above was determined for dietary fiber. Dietary fiber intake is associated with myocardial infarction
therefore, the DG was determined on the basis of the results of a meta-analysis and the median dietary fiber intake of Japanese. The DG for alcohol was not determined because of insufficient data.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.59.S53

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN  

A potential approach for determining the estimated average requirement (EAR) is based on the observation that a water-soluble vitamin or its catabolite(s) can be detected in urine. In this approach, the urinary excretion of a water-soluble vitamin or its catabolite(s) increase when the intake exceeds the requirement. This approach is applied to vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2 and niacin. A second approach is to determine the blood concentration. In this case, the requirement is indicated by a value rather than a threshold level. The second approach is applied to vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, folate, and vitamin C. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was calculated by multiplying the EAR by 1.2. For pantothenic acid and biotin, there were insufficient data for determining the EAR. Thus, adequate intakes were set based on food surveillance data.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN  

We have determined the Dietary Reference Intakes for fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K) for the Japanese. Regarding vitamin A, the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) were defined for those aged 1 y old and over. For vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K, the EAR or RDA was not adopted, because of the insufficient data available. Thus, the adequate intake (AI) was determined for those vitamins based on the food surveillance data and biomarkers for each vitamin. The AI for vitamin D was decided as the median intake of vitamin D in the population with a circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D level which was high enough for bone health. The basis for the AT for vitamin E was the median intake of a-tocopherol in the healthy population considering the lack of unfavorable health consequences attributable to its deficiency. The AT for vitamin K was determined as the vitamin K intake, required to avoid blood coagulation abnormalities. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) was determined for vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, but not for vitamin K, since no adverse effects have been reported even with its high dosage.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：English  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Weaning rats were fed a niacin-free 20% casein diet. Twenty-four-h-urine samples were collected, and nicotinamide and its catabolites were measured. A correlation was found between the urinary excretory ratio of nicotinamide catabolites (N-1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide + N-1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide)/N-1-methylnicotinamide and the tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion ratio during growing period of the rats. This indicates the possibility that the conversion ratio can be deduced from the excretory ratio.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.110564

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Aims/Introduction:
To estimate nutritional risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes, bone mineral density, homocysteine level, and intakes and levels of Hcy-related vitamins including folate, vitamin B(6) and vitamin B(12) were analyzed in a cross-sectional study.
Materials and Methods:
Lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density, serum concentrations of vitamin B(6), vitamin B(12), and folate and plasma homocysteine levels were measured in 125 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutrient intake values were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire.
Results:
Homocysteine was inversely correlated with bone mineral density, and with both dietary intake and serum concentration of folate. Intake of green vegetables was correlated with intake and level of folate and homocysteine levels. When the population was analyzed across the quartiles, bone mineral density, serum folate concentration, folate intake and intake of green vegetables were lowest in the highest homocysteine group.
Conclusions:
In patients with type 2 diabetes, the nutritional status of folate might affect the homocysteine level, a putative risk factor for osteoporosis. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00088.x, 2011).

DOI： 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00088.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The main charge)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Nutrition and Food Science  

The B-group of vitamins, including vitamins B<SUB>1</SUB>, B<SUB>2</SUB>, and B<SUB>6</SUB>, are involved in the catabolic metabolism of tryptophan. We investigated the effects of dietary vitamin content (low, moderate and sufficient) on the catabolism of tryptophan in both diabetic and healthy rats. We found that tryptophan catabolism was not affected by differences in dietary vitamin content in both diabetic and healthy rats. However, the tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion ratio was one-third lower in diabetic rats than in healthy rats. In addition, nicotinamide catabolism differed between diabetic and healthy rats. <I>N</I><SUP>1</SUP>-methylnicotinamide, a nicotinamide catabolite, accumulated in diabetic rats, but not in normal rats, possibly contributing to the increase in free nicotinamide. It seems likely that this increase in the level of nicotinamide inhibited the activities of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase and histone deacetylase. These results suggest that administration of nicotinamide might offer some effects, and warrants further investigation.

DOI： 10.4327/jsnfs.64.313

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010815008

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD  

The objective is to determine the association between the 24 hour urinary alpha-tocopherol catabolite, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2(2&apos;-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (alpha-CEHC) and alpha-tocopherol intake in an intervention and a cross-sectional studies. In the 4-weeks intervention study, Japanese men (n = 10) consumed the test diet in week 1, and the test diet plus varying amounts of alpha-tocopherol in the three subsequent weeks: 21 mu mol/d alpha-tocopherol in week 2, 63 mu mol/d in week 3, and 125 mu mol/d in week 4. A significant association between alpha-tocopherol intake and urinary alpha-CEHC was observed in this strictly controlled experiment (r = 0.99, p&lt;0.001). In the cross-sectional study, all foods consumed over 4 consecutive days were recorded in 76 free-living young subjects (1833 years). The association was weak, but a significant relationship was observed (r = 0.29, p&lt;0.05) even in the cross-sectional study. In the cross-sectional study adults, mean estimated alpha-tocopherol intake calculated by urinary alpha-CEHC and the excretory ratio was 91% of their mean intake over the 4 days. The results show that urinary alpha-CEHC level reflected recent alpha-tocopherol intake in free-living young Japanese adults, and could be used as a measure of intake during the previous few days, both for group means and for individual rankings within a group.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Participation form：Joint(The vice charge)  

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction

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Language：Japanese   Book type：Textbook, survey, introduction